Recent SemestersSpring 2027, Fall 2026, Summer 2026, Spring 2026, Fall 2025Class Size45 studentsCredits3 Transfers ToUC and CSUCal-GETC Area 4 · IGETC Area 4F · IGETC Area 4 · CSU GE Area D3 · CSU GE Area DDescriptionA survey of the history of peoples of African descent in the United States from colonial times to the present. Emphasis will be placed on struggles over the construction of race and ethnicity, slavery and emancipation, the meanings of freedom and democracy, the Civil Rights and Black Power movements' philosophies and strategies for achieving full citizenship, and the persistence of inequality and social justice in the contemporary period. Also listed as ES 81. Credit given in either area, not both. 