Recent SemestersFall 2026, Spring 2026, Fall 2025, Spring 2025Class SizeNot publishedCredits5PrerequisiteBIOL 402 or an equivalent college-level Cell and Molecular Biology course with a grade of "C" or better. Transfers ToUC and CSUCal-GETC Area 5C · Cal-GETC Area 5B · IGETC Area 5C · IGETC Area 5B · CSU GE Area B3 · CSU GE Area B2DescriptionThis is part of a three-semester sequence in general biology designed for biology majors. BIOL 412 and BIOL 422 may be taken in any order after completion of BIOL 402 with a grade of C or better. BIOL 422 builds upon and applies concepts developed in BIOL 402 to the study of animals and evolution. Topics covered include principles of evolution such as mechanisms of microevolutionary and macroevolutionary change, population genetics, speciation, extinction, and classification and phylogenetics; a survey of animal phyla and unicellular non-photosynthetic eukaryotic taxa; and animal embryology, development, life cycles, comparative anatomy and physiology, and behavior. Emphasis will be placed on the evolutionary relationships among animals, their adaptations to different environments and modes of life, and the evolutionary origins of novel characteristics throughout Animalia.Usually HeldMon Wed 10:30am–1:35pm, Mon Wed 9:00am–10:20am, Tue Thu 1:00pm–4:05pm, Tue Thu 10:30am–1:35pm 