Transfers ToCSUDescriptionThis course offers a survey of the political, economic, and cultural histories of people of African descent in the United States from the end of the Civil War to the present. Students will review and gain insight into the multiple challenges and contributions that people of African descent in America faced in transforming American society into a more equitable and inclusive nation particularly through their roles in social justice movements that reshaped the U.S. Constitution, government, and culture. This course approaches these concepts through an Ethnic Studies lens particularly by mapping the multiple resistance and intellectual movements spearheaded by Black Americans in response to the failures of Reconstruction. These include religious resistance movements in the South, Black women's grassroots organizing at the turn of the twentieth century, the emergence of Civil Rights organizations like the NAACP, the cultivation and production of Black art as expressed by the Harlem Renaissance, various antiwar and student protests, and the eventual successes of the Civil Rights era and the end of legal discrimination, leading to modern descendants like the Black Lives Matters and Me Too movements that address continuing structural problems in society. Throughout this course, students will consider how race solidified systems of power meant to exclude Black communities during America's many phases as an imperialist nation up to the present. Thus, this course will address the multiple methods, movements, community practices, and literature that African Americans constructed as a means to challenge and abolish policies, systems, and societal beliefs that held and promoted anti-Black sentiments and practices in America and beyond. The ultimate objective of the course is to give students an academic foundation that will help them develop critical thinking when considering questions and resolutions on the topics of democracy and inequality in the United States. 